Neural replicas of the spinal motor commands that drive locomotion have become
increasingly recognized as an intrinsic neural mechanism for producing gaze-stabilizing eye …

Vertebrate locomotion presents a major challenge for maintaining visual acuity due to head
movements resulting from the intimate biomechanical coupling with the propulsive …

Across the nervous system, neurons with similar attributes are topographically organized.
This topography reflects developmental pressures. Oddly, vestibular (balance) nuclei are …

In selecting appropriate behaviors, animals should weigh sensory evidence both for and
against specific beliefs about the world. For instance, animals measure optic flow to estimate …

One of the most felt and serious problems of our society involves the capability to enable the
communication of people affected by neurodegenerative pathologies. Indeed, the inability to …

Animals constantly redirect their gaze away or towards relevant targets and, besides these
goal-oriented responses, stabilizing movements clamp the visual scene avoiding image …

The world is witnessing a dramatic increase of the number of neurodegenerative
pathologies along with improving living conditions and increasing life expectancy. One of …

The purpose of this review is to analyze the origin of ocular motor neurons, define the
pattern of innervation of nerve fibers that project to the extraocular eye muscles (EOMs) …

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) adapts the amount of light reaching the retina, protecting it
and improving image formation. Two PLR mechanisms have been described in vertebrates …

The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex
(OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While …