Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC)
norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep …

For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

Sleep has a complex micro-architecture, encompassing micro-arousals, sleep spindles and
transitions between sleep stages. Fragmented sleep impairs memory consolidation …

Addictive drugs increase ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neuron activity
through distinct cellular mechanisms, one of which involves disinhibition of DA neurons by …

In our daily life, we are exposed to uncontrollable and stressful events that disrupt our sleep.
However, the underlying neural mechanisms deteriorating the quality of non-rapid eye …

Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate reward association and
motivation. It remains unclear whether there are distinct dopamine populations to mediate …

Genetic screens are powerful tools for the functional annotation of genomes. In the context of
multicellular organisms, interrogation of gene function is greatly facilitated by methods that …

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are distributed restrictively in the hypothalamus, a brain region
known to orchestrate diverse functions including sleep, reward processing, food intake …

Sleep and body temperature are tightly interconnected in mammals: warming up our body
helps to fall asleep and the body temperature in turn drops while falling asleep. The preoptic …

The neural substrates of insomnia/hyperarousal induced by stress remain unknown. Here,
we show that restraint stress leads to hyperarousal associated with strong activation of …