Here we review the applications of atomic force microscopy to the study of samples of
biological origin. Emphasis is given to provide the reader with information on the broad …

The importance of forces in biology has been recognized for quite a while but only in the
past decade have we acquired instrumentation and methodology to directly measure …

In the preceding chapters we have discussed the diversity, complexity, and dynamics of
macromolecular structure. Now we turn to experimental methods for determining these …

Mechanical unfolding and refolding may regulate the molecular elasticity of modular
proteins with mechanical functions. The development of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) …

Over the last century, medicine has come out of the" black bag" and emerged as one of the
most dynamic and advanced fields of development in science and technology. Today …

Single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy offers a novel platform for mechanically
denaturing proteins by applying a constant force to a polyprotein. A powerful emerging …

Based on the combined technologies of atomic force microscopy, X‐ray
diffraction/scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis, etc., it is demonstrated that …

In recent years, polysaccharides have been extensively studied using atomic force
microscopy (AFM). Owing to its high lateral and vertical resolutions and ability to measure …

We report the use of an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy technique
to identify, at the single-molecule level, the components of mixtures of polysaccharides …

This contribution reviews selected mechanical experiments on individual flexible
macromolecules using single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) based on atomic force …