Global warming, extreme climate events, earthquakes and their accompanying
socioeconomic disasters pose significant risks to humanity. Yet due to the nonlinear …

Tipping points (TP) in climate subsystems are usually thought to occur at a well-defined,
critical forcing parameter threshold, via destabilization of the system state by a single …

Many climate subsystems are thought to be susceptible to tipping—and some might be close
to a tipping point. The general belief and intuition, based on simple conceptual models of …

Over the last two decades the complex network paradigm has proven to be a fruitful tool for
the investigation of complex systems in many areas of science; for example, the Internet …

In recent years, several climate subsystems have been identified that may undergo a
relatively rapid transition compared to the changes in their forcing. Such transitions are rare …

Climate variability occurs on a multitude of temporal and spatial scales and the associated
phenomena are studied using observations and a hierarchy of climate models. The aim of …

Early warning indicators of the collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(MOC) have up to now mostly been based on temporal correlations in single time series …

Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) distributes heat and salt
into the Northern Hemisphere via a warm surface current towards the subpolar North …

Stochastic nonlinear dynamical systems can undergo rapid transitions relative to the change
in their forcing, for example due to the occurrence of multiple equilibrium solutions for a …

Abstract The Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) marks a major step within the Cenozoic
climate in going from a greenhouse into an icehouse state, with the formation of a …