Retinal bipolar cells are the first'projection neurons' of the vertebrate visual system—all of
the information needed for vision is relayed by this intraretinal connection. Each of the at …

Electrical synaptic transmission through gap junctions underlies direct and rapid neuronal
communication in the CNS. The diversity of functional roles that electrical synapses have is …

Synaptic interactions to extract information about wavelength, and thus color, begin in the
vertebrate retina with three classes of light-sensitive cells: rod photoreceptors at low light …

It is now clear that electrical coupling via gap junctions is prevalent across the retina,
expressed by each of the five main neuronal types. With the introduction of mutants in which …

Amacrine cells represent the most diverse class of retinal neuron, comprising dozens of
distinct cell types. Each type exhibits a unique morphology and generates specific visual …

Complex alterations in the anatomy of outer retinal pathways accompany photoreceptor
degeneration in the rd1 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, whereas inner retinal neurons …

In bright light, cone-photoreceptors are active and colour vision derives from a comparison
of signals in cones with different visual pigments. This comparison begins in the retina …

The retina uses two photoreceptor types to encode the wide range of light intensities in the
natural environment. Rods mediate vision in dim light, whereas cones mediate vision in …

There are two subclasses of alpha cell in the mammalian retina, which are morphologically
identical in plain view but have opposite responses to a luminance change: one is ON …

Gap junction proteins form the substrate for electrical coupling between neurons. These
electrical synapses are widespread in the CNS and serve a variety of important functions. In …