We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food
markets, international trade, and global supply chains. We focus on their effects on welfare …

A novel econometric method is used to estimate trade effects of non-tariff measures (NTMs)
for roughly 5 000 traded goods and 80 countries. It explicitly distinguishes several types of …

This article explores the link between gravity and welfare frameworks for measuring the
impact of nontariff measures. First, an analytical approach suggests how to combine a …

This article empirically investigates the impact of trade barriers on the world wine trade
focusing on trade costs impeding exports, including transport, tariffs, technical barriers and …

Abstract The United States (US) imports 87 percent of its avocados from a single Mexican
region, Michoacán. Although environmental and social costs associated with avocado …

Maximum residue level (MRL) regulations in plant products can create unnecessary trade
barriers on one hand and enhance demand via risk mitigation or quality assurance on the …

Does tariff liberalization cause regulatory chill by putting downward pressure on health,
safety, and environmental standards? Or does it cause a race to the top as governments …

Empirically assessing sanitary and phytosanitary regulations has proven difficult because
most data sources indicate whether a regulation exists but provide no information on the …

The paper presents a review of recent work both theoretical and empirical related to the
impact of non-tariff measures with a focus on technical regulations. A minimalist theoretical …

This paper provides a systematic welfare-based approach to analyze the impact of non-tariff
measures (NTMs) on trade and welfare in the presence of market imperfections. It focuses …