Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop
productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in …

Highlights•The COP1/SPA E3 ubiquitin ligase is a repressor of photomorphogenesis.•The
COP1/SPA complex targets photomorphogenesis-promoting factors for proteolysis.•Active …

Highlights•The COP1/SPA complex suppresses light signaling in darkness.•Functions of the
protein domains in COP1 and SPA proteins.•The structure of the COP1 WD-repeat domain …

Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue light photoreceptors that regulate growth, development, and
metabolism in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), CRY1 and CRY2 possess …

Plants sense different parts of the sun's light spectrum using distinct photoreceptors, which
signal through the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP 1. Here, we analyze why many COP 1 …

CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in plants and
animals. Discovered originally in Arabidopsis thaliana, COP1 acts in a complex with SPA …

A major feature of embryogenesis is the specification of stem cell systems, but in contrast to
the situation in most animals, plant stem cells remain quiescent until the postembryonic …

The circadian clock provides essential timing information to ensure optimal growth to
prevailing external environmental conditions. A major time‐setting mechanism (zeitgeber) in …

Abstract CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) is a highly conserved E3
ubiquitin ligase from plants to animals and acts as a central repressor of …

Light regulates the subcellular localization of plant photoreceptors, a key step in light
signaling. Ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B) induces the plant photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE …