In the United States (US), tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have more than doubled in the past
fifteen years and are a major contributor to the overall burden of vector-borne diseases. The …

Abstract Knowledge of seasonal activity patterns of human-biting life stages of tick species
serving as vectors of human disease agents provides basic information on when during the …

Changing climate has driven shifts in species phenology, influencing a range of ecological
interactions from plant–pollinator to consumer–resource. Phenological changes in host …

Concerns that climate warming may drive the spread of ectoparasites into previously
uninhabited areas have increased the need for baseline knowledge of their distributional …

The range of ticks in North America has been steadily increasing likely, in part, due to
climate change. Along with it, there has been a rise in cases of tick-borne disease. Among …

Ixodes pacificus (the western blacklegged tick) occurs in the far western United States (US),
where it commonly bites humans. This tick was not considered a species of medical concern …

Introduction: Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States
and Canada. The primary vector for the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia …

Simple Summary Lyme disease affects about half a million Americans every year, and cases
in Canada are rising. However, the number of studies focusing on the epidemiology of Lyme …

Background Ectothermic arthropods, like ticks, are sensitive indicators of environmental
changes, and their seasonality plays a critical role in tick-borne disease dynamics in a …

Human cases of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, are well-documented in
California, with increased risk in the north coastal areas and northwestern slopes of the …