Background Patients often seek guidance from the aesthetic practitioners regarding
treatments to enhance their 'beauty'. Is there a science behind the art of assessment and if …

Purpose Modern 3-dimensional (3D) image acquisition systems represent a crucial
technologic development in facial anatomy because of their accuracy and precision. The …

The lip profile plays an important role in the perception of facial aesthetics; lip morphology
and aesthetics research is receiving increasing attention. The advancement of research …

Purpose To compare the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans captured by
smartphone applications with a clinically approved portable stereophotogrammetry device …

Laser scanner devices are acquiring a growing importance in facial anatomy. Most studies
have analysed facial scans obtained through two simultaneous captures, whereas the same …

Aim The aim of this study was to quantify gender-specific facial characteristics in younger
and older adults and to determine how aging and body characteristics, such as height and …

Background: Interest in facial masculinization surgery is expected to increase as gender-
affirming surgery becomes more widely accepted and available. The purpose of this study is …

Background The non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry is widely used
in anthropometry for medical purpose. Yet, few studies have assessed its reliability on …

Background Establishing facial anthropometric reference values is essential for diagnosis of
deformity, assessment of aging, and planning for aesthetic and reconstructive treatment …

Objective Lip skin dryness and chapping are major concerns related to lip skin care in many
populations. The distinctive features of lip skin, such as the low water‐holding capacity and …