The liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in many bodily functions from protein
production and blood clotting to cholesterol, glucose and iron metabolism and nutrition …

Background Ethanol (EtOH) exposure in neonate rats during a period comparable to the
human third trimester, postnatal days (PD) 4 to 9, leads to persistent deficits in forebrain …

This study investigates the effects of early exposure to ethanol on cognitive function and
neural plasticity‐related proteins in the rat brain. Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered …

Fetal alcohol exposure leads to severe disruptions in learning and memory involving the
hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in humans. Animal model research on FASD has …

Dampened adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A R) function has been implicated in addiction
through enhancement of goal-directed behaviors. However, the contribution of the A 2A R to …

Neonatal ethanol exposure during the third trimester equivalent of human pregnancy in the
rat significantly impairs hippocampal and prefrontal neurobehavioral functioning. Postnatal …

Impairments in behavior and cognition are common in individuals diagnosed with fetal
alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). In this study, FASD model rats were intragastrically …

Abstract Animal models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) afford the unique
capacity to precisely control timing of alcohol exposure and alcohol exposure amounts in the …

Exposure to alcohol in utero can induce a variety of physical and mental impairments,
collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This study explores the …

Apelin-13, as an endogenous neuropeptide, is the ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor,
APJ, which has recently been demonstrated to be involved in the process that contributes to …