This review summarizes the case for investing in adolescence as a period of rapid growth,
learning, adaptation, and formational neurobiological development. Adolescence is a …

Sex-steroid hormones are well-known regulators of vocal motor behavior in several
organisms. A large body of evidence now indicates that these same hormones modulate …

The arcopallium, a key avian forebrain region, receives inputs from numerous brain areas
and is a major source of descending sensory and motor projections. While there is evidence …

In many vertebrates, postnatally generated neurons often migrate long distances to reach
their final destination, where they help shape local circuit activity. Concerted action of …

In addition to ascending, descending, and lateral auditory projections, inputs extrinsic to the
auditory system also influence neural processing in the inferior colliculus (IC). These types …

Internal state profoundly alters perception and behavior. For example, a starved fly may
approach and consume foods that it would otherwise find undesirable. A socially engaged …

The chicken gastrointestinal tract has a diverse microbial community. There is increasing
evidence for how this gut microbiome affects specific molecular pathways and the overall …

Conspecific vocalizations differ from many other sounds in that they have natural incentive
salience. Our thinking about auditory responses to vocalizations may therefore benefit from …

This chapter discusses anatomical, physiological, and functional aspects of circuits
associated with four major neuromodulators: acetylcholine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and …

Sensory neurons parse millisecond-variant sound streams like birdsong and speech with
exquisite precision. The auditory pallial cortex of vocal learners like humans and songbirds …