Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Its
more advanced subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), connotes progressive liver …

The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much
investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the most frequent metabolic disorders, but their causes
remain largely unclear. Insulin resistance, the common underlying abnormality, results from …

Many studies have reported that metabolic dysfunction is closely involved in the complex
mechanism underlying the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which …

The recommendation to limit dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has persisted despite
mounting evidence to the contrary. Most recent meta-analyses of randomized trials and …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

“Frailty” is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and
impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly …

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glucose 6-phosphate (G6P),
produces NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), and shunts carbons back to the glycolytic …

Metabolic flexibility is the ability to respond or adapt to conditional changes in metabolic
demand. This broad concept has been propagated to explain insulin resistance and …

NAFLD is closely linked with hepatic insulin resistance. Accumulation of hepatic
diacylglycerol activates PKC-ε, impairing insulin receptor activation and insulin-stimulated …