The proximal tubule (PT) reabsorbs most of the glomerular filtrate and plays an important
role in the uptake, metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics. Some therapeutic drugs are …

An important question in toxicological risk assessment is whether non-animal new approach
methodologies (NAMs) can be used to make safety decisions that are protective of human …

Recent years have seen the creation and popularization of various complex in vitro models
(CIVMs), such as organoids and organs-on-chip, as a technology with the potential to …

An in vitro human renal proximal tubule model that represents the proper transporter
expression and pronounced epithelial polarization is necessary for the accurate prediction …

Botanicals can cause nephrotoxicity via numerous mechanisms, including disrupting renal
blood flow, damaging compartments along the nephron, and obstructing urinary flow. While …

Proinflammatory cytokines, which are elevated during inflammation or infections, can affect
drug pharmacokinetics (PK) due to the altered expression or activity of drug transporters …

Organic anion transporters 1 and 3 (OAT1 and OAT3) play a crucial role in kidney function
by regulating the secretion of multiple renally cleared small molecules and toxic metabolic …

The polarised expression of specific transporters in proximal tubular epithelial cells is
important for the renal clearance of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Thus …

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) constitute a significant group of regulatory, long
noncoding RNAs. They are prominently expressed in testis but are also detectable in other …

With the advent of molecular and cellular toxicology, the field of drug safety evaluation has
been undergoing an important paradigm shift, which has recently been further incentivized …