Chitin is a natural polymeric polysaccharide extracted from marine crustaceans, and
chitosan is obtained by removing part of the acetyl group (usually more than 60%) in chitin's …

Enamel, once formed, loses the ability to regenerate due to the loss of the formative
ameloblasts. It is subjected to constant damaging events due to exposure to external agents …

Human oral cavity (mouth) hosts a complex microbiome consisting of bacteria, archaea,
protozoa, fungi and viruses. These bacteria are responsible for two common diseases of the …

Failure of dental treatments is mainly due to the biofilm accumulated on the dental materials.
Many investigations have been conducted on the advancements of antimicrobial dental …

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as
part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main …

Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising approach for repairing diseased and damaged bone
tissue. Injectable hydrogel based strategies offer a wide range of applications in rapid …

Human enamel once formed cannot be biologically repaired or replaced. Saliva has a
significant role in remineralization of dental enamel. It not only has a buffering capacity to …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small plasma membrane-derived particles released into the
extracellular space by virtually all cell types. Recently, EV have received increased interest …

Millions of people worldwide suffer from a toothache due to tooth cavity, and often
permanent tooth loss. Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a biofilm-dependent …

Background Discoloration of teeth occurs for various reasons. Common ingredients like
substances from tea and coffee, as well as antibiotics like tetracycline, or food dyes, can …