Pesticides are widely used in agricultural and other settings, resulting in continuing human
exposure. Epidemiologic studies indicate that, despite premarket animal testing, current …

The diesters of 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid), commonly known as
phthalates, are a group of man-made chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial …

Why a thoroughly updated and revised second edition of this book about theories of disease
distribution, in past and present societal and ecological context? Because the lived realities …

Open up any biomedical or public health journal prior to the 1970s, and one term will be
glaringly absent: gender. Open up any recent biomedical or public health journal, and two …

Objectives Organophosphates (OPs) are among the most commonly used insecticides. OPs
have been linked to cancer risk in some epidemiological studies, which have been largely …

Background Exposure to xenoestrogens during pregnancy may disturb the development
and function of male sexual organs. Objective In this study we aimed to determine whether …

Introduction Phthalates, a group of ubiquitous industrial chemicals, have been widely used
in occupational settings, mainly as plasticizers in a variety of applications. Occupational …

Little is known on environmental risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which are
among the most frequent congenital abnormalities. The aim of our study was to identify risk …

Background Numerous studies have focused on the association between endocrine-
disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and hypospadias. Phenotype variability, the absence of …

Background Hypospadias is one of the most common urogenital congenital anomalies
affecting baby boys. Prevalence estimates in Europe range from 4 to 24 per 10,000 births …