The concept of an alternative pathway of macrophage activation has stimulated interest in its
definition, mechanism, and functional significance in homeostasis and disease. We assess …

Important insights have recently been gained in our understanding of how host immune
responses mediate resistance to parasitic helminths and control associated pathological …

BACKGROUND: Polarization of macrophages by specific micro-environmental conditions
impacts upon their function following subsequent activation. This study aimed to …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common, lethal, muscle-wasting disease
of childhood. Previous investigations have shown that muscle macrophages may play an …

Multiple sclerosis lesion activity concurs with the extent of inflammation, demyelination and
axonal suffering. Pro-inflammatory myeloid cells contribute to lesion development, but the …

Spinal cord injury results in a life‐disrupting series of deleterious interconnected
mechanisms encompassed by the primary and secondary injury. These events are mediated …

Although the existence of anti-inflammatory alternatively activated macrophages (aamφ) has
been accepted widely based on in vitro studies, their in vivo location, phenotype, and …

Macrophages (Mφ) represent a dynamic cell population that develops and operates within a
changing microenvironment. In parallel to Th1/Th2 cells, primary Mφ may undergo classical …

Inflammation is an important pathogenic factor of cardiovascular diseases. Inflammatory
processes induce the organism systemic changes that are sensed by the cells of innate …

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important element of tumor stroma. They
originate from blood monocytes attracted by chemokines and cytokines produced by tumor …