Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they
are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to …

Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by
self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and …

Abstract The Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are attributable to matrix-enclosed
aggregates known as biofilms. Biofilms are root cause of industrial biofouling and …

Pathogenic microorganisms and their chronic pathogenicity are significant concerns in
biomedical research. Biofilm-linked persistent infections are not easy to treat due to resident …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, recurrent infections that can be mild to life-
threatening. The continued emergence of antibiotic resistance, together with our increasing …

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare-
associated infection and cause of secondary bloodstream infections. Despite many …

Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor for a wide range of microorganisms that cause
chronic infections. The multifactorial nature of biofilm development and drug tolerance …

Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a
surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pathological conditions in both
community and hospital settings. It has been estimated that about 150 million people …

Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as a passive virulence factor
facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial …