Sprouting angiogenesis is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells collectively migrate,
shape new lumenized tubes, make new connections, and remodel the nascent network into …

Notch signaling dictates cell fate and critically influences cell proliferation, differentiation,
and apoptosis in metazoans. Multiple factors at each step—ligands, receptors, signal …

Calcification of the aortic valve is the third leading cause of heart disease in adults. The
incidence increases with age, and it is often associated with a bicuspid aortic valve present …

Recent evidence indicates that acquisition of artery or vein identity during vascular
development is governed, in part, by genetic mechanisms. The artery-specific expression of …

Serum response factor (SRF) regulates transcription of numerous muscle and growth factor-
inducible genes. Because SRF is not muscle specific, it has been postulated to activate …

The vascular system is locally specialized to accommodate widely varying blood flow and
pressure and the distinct needs of individual tissues. The endothelial cells (ECs) that line the …

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) underlie cell plasticity required in embryonic
development and frequently observed in advanced carcinogenesis. Transforming growth …

Adult Leydig cells (ALCs) are the steroidogenic cells in the testes that produce testosterone.
ALCs develop postnatally from a pool of stem cells, referred to as stem Leydig cells (SLCs) …

Signals through the Notch receptors are used throughout development to control cellular
fate choices. Loss-and gain-of-function studies revealed both the pleiotropic action of the …

The appearance of molecular differences between arterial and venous endothelial cells
before circulation suggests that genetic factors determine these cell types. We find that …