Human milk (HM) is dynamic and shows a high inter-and intra-individual variability. To
characterize HM with precision, it is necessary to understand the factors that modulate its …

Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding for 1
to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard for infant feeding. 1, 2 …

Akkermansia muciniphila is a well-studied anaerobic bacterium specialized in mucus
degradation and associated with human health. Because of the structural resemblance of …

Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the
medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their …

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that exclusive breastfeeding
provides optimal nutrition and health protection for the first 6 months of life, and that …

Human milk (HM) is the optimal source of nutrition, protection and developmental
programming for infants. It is species-specific and consists of various bioactive components …

Microbes colonize the human body during the first moments of life and coexist with the host
throughout the lifespan. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites aid in the programming of …

The maternal environment exerts important influences on offspring mass/growth,
metabolism, reproduction, neurobiology, immune function, and behavior among birds …

Lactation is a dynamic process that has evolved to produce a complex biological fluid that
provides nutritive and nonnutritive factors to the nursing offspring. It has long been assumed …

Objective This review summarizes a portion of the discussions of an NIH Workshop
(Bethesda, MD, 2015) titled “Self‐Regulation of Appetite—It's Complicated,” which focused …