Influenza is an acute respiratory disease in mammals and domestic poultry that emerges
from zoonotic reservoirs in aquatic birds and bats. Although influenza viruses are among the …

Influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity
from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. The clinical …

The microbiota is known to modulate the host response to influenza infection through as-yet-
unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that components of the microbiota exert effects …

Influenza symptoms vary from mild disease to death; however, determinants of severity are
unclear. Type I interferons (IFNαβ) are recognized as key antiviral cytokines. Here we show …

While type I interferons (IFNs) are universally acknowledged for their antiviral and
immunostimulatory functions, there is increasing appreciation of the detrimental effects of …

Genetic variation contributes to host responses and outcomes following infection by
influenza A virus or other viral infections. Yet narrow windows of disease symptoms and …

Background Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous immune defect
characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, failure of specific antibody production …

Influenza viruses continue to be a major global health threat. Severity and clinical outcome
of influenza disease is determined by both viral and host factors. Viral factors have long …

Host responses play crucial roles in defense against influenza but sometimes these may
contribute to immunopathology. Potentially, this may be more important in disease caused …

In 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus emerged. Here, we characterize the
multifunctional NS1 protein of this human pandemic virus in order to understand factors that …