Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Injury to or disease of the nervous system can invoke chronic and sometimes intractable
neuropathic pain. Many parallel, interdependent, and time-dependent processes, including …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major
regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy …

Methylmercury is a widely distributed environmental toxicant with detrimental effects on the
developing and adult nervous system. Due to its accumulation in the food chain, chronic …

Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, lead to altered gene
expression and thus may underlie epileptogenesis via induction of permanent changes in …

Despite major advances in a variety of neuroscientific research fields, the majority of
neurodegenerative and neurological diseases are poorly controlled by currently available …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Normal brain function is highly dependent on oxygen and nutrient supply and when the
demand for oxygen exceeds its supply, hypoxia is induced. Acute episodes of hypoxia may …

Purinergic transmission is one of the most ancient and widespread extracellular signalling
systems. In the brain, purinergic signalling plays a unique role in integrating neuronal and …