Many industries such as iron and steel metallurgy, copper and zinc smelting, the battery
industry, and cement manufacturing industries discharge high concentrations of fluoride …

The occurrence of elevated concentrations of fluoride in the drinking water supply in many
regions of the world has caused widespread prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis. In …

1.1. Fluoride in Water Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life. Water is
certainly not free everywhere. However, chemical composition of surface or subsurface is …

Fluoride is one of the anionic contaminants which is found in excess in surface or
groundwater because of geochemical reactions or anthropogenic activities such as the …

Excessive intake of fluoride (F), mainly through drinking water, is a serious health hazard
affecting humans worldwide. There are several methods used for the defluoridation of …

Chitosan (CS) has marked potential in environmental adsorption applications, but typically
suffers from low specific gravity and sensitivity to pH. In this work, a hydroxyapatite-CS (HAp …

Fluoride is an essential element, indispensable for maintenance of dental health.
Nevertheless, fluoride concentrations in drinking water above 1.5 mgL− 1 may be …

Polypyrrole (PPy)/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite as a novel adsorbent was prepared via
in-situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer using FeCl3 oxidant in aqueous medium in …

Zirconium impregnated cashew nut shell carbon was studied to assess its capacity for the
adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions. The dependence of the adsorption of fluoride …

In the present work hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HApC) composite was synthesized by
precipitation method and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) …