Background DNA markers improved the productivity and accuracy of classical plant
breeding by means of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The enormous number of …

Plant-parasitic-nematodes represent a major threat to the agricultural production of different
crops worldwide. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, it is necessary to develop …

Adverse environmental conditions due to climate change, combined with declining soil
fertility, threaten food security. Modern agriculture is facing a pressing situation where novel …

Unlike animals, plants are immobile and could not actively escape the effects of aggressive
environmental factors, such as pathogenic microorganisms, insect pests, parasitic plants …

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical
and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers …

Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order
Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the …

Phthalates (PAEs) are known environmental endocrine disruptors that have been widely
detected in several environments, and many studies have reported the immunotoxic effects …

Multicellularity has emerged multiple times in evolution, enabling groups of cells to share a
living space and reducing the burden of solitary tasks. While unicellular organisms exhibit …

Necrotrophic fungi cause devastating diseases in both horticultural and agronomic crops,
but our understanding of plant defense responses against these pathogens is still limited. In …

Food security has become the most challenging task in the current scenario of population
growth and the future perspective in the everchanging environment. Cultivation and …