The volume of interstitial fluid (ISF) in the human body is three times that of blood. Yet,
collecting diagnostically useful ISF is more challenging than collecting blood because the …

Abstract Development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their functional derivatives
represents a growing segment of the development pipeline in the pharmaceutical industry …

Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used
chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to …

The hazard assessment of skin sensitizers relies mainly on animal testing, but much
progress is made in the development, validation and regulatory acceptance and …

Highlights•PBPK modeling bridges drug properties and PK behaviours in drug discovery
and development.•The PBPK is often used in oral formulation development, to address …

Frameworks to predict in vivo effects by integration of in vitro, in silico and in chemico
information using mechanistic insight are needed to meet the challenges of 21st century …

The ability to predict subcutaneous (SC) absorption rate and tissue distribution of
therapeutic proteins (TPs) using a bottom-up approach is highly desirable early in the drug …

Consumer safety risk assessment of skin sensitization requires information on both
consumer exposure to the ingredient through product use and the hazardous properties of …

Introduction Existing HIV therapy using oral antiretrovirals (ARVs) can result in pill fatigue
and sub-optimal adherence. Microneedle array patches (MAPs) offer non-invasive, blood …

In recent years, the combination of computational modeling and experiments has become a
useful tool that is proving increasingly powerful for explaining biological complexity. As …