We trace the evolution of research on extreme solar and solar-terrestrial events from the
1859 Carrington event to the rapid development of the last twenty years. Our focus is on the …

How has the solar wind evolved to reach what it is today? In this review, I discuss the long-
term evolution of the solar wind, including the evolution of observed properties that are …

Solar flares are often accompanied by filament/prominence eruptions (~ 104 K and~ 1010−
11 cm− 3), sometimes leading to coronal mass ejections that directly affect the Earth's …

Magnetic fields play a fundamental role for interior and atmospheric properties of M dwarfs
and greatly influence terrestrial planets orbiting in the habitable zones of these low-mass …

The search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern
science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a …

High-resolution UV spectra of stellar H i Lyα lines from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
provide observational constraints on the winds of coronal main-sequence stars, thanks to an …

The corona is a layer of hot plasma that surrounds the Sun, traces out its complex magnetic
field, and ultimately expands into interplanetary space as the supersonic solar wind …

Strong solar flares and coronal mass ejections, here defined not only as the bursts of
electromagnetic radiation but as the entire process in which magnetic energy is released …

Recent work has demonstrated that high levels of X-ray and UV activity on young M dwarfs
may drive rapid atmospheric escape on temperate, terrestrial planets orbiting within the …

Coherent radio bursts detected from M dwarfs have some analogy with solar radio bursts but
reach orders of magnitude higher luminosities. These events trace particle acceleration …