Low back pain (LBP), as a leading cause of disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder
that results in major social and economic burdens. Recent research has identified …

Objective Back pain is an elusive symptom complicated by a variety of possible causes,
precipitating and maintaining factors, and consequences. Notably, the underlying pathology …

Background In the healthy back only the outer third of the annulus fibrosus of the
intervertebral disc is innervated. Nerve ingrowth deeper into diseased intervertebral disc has …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation and degeneration contributes significantly to low back
pain (LBP), of which the molecular pathogenesis is not fully understood. Disc herniation may …

Background: The evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of chronic spinal
pain with interventional techniques were developed to provide recommendations to …

We review the evidence that there are two types of disc degeneration.'E ndplate‐driven'disc
degeneration involves endplate defects and inwards collapse of the annulus, has a high …

Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in
the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to provide recommendations for …

Study Design. The authors investigated the innervation of discographically confirmed
degenerated and" painful" human intervertebral discs. Objective. To determine the type and …

Discogenic low back pain is a serious medical and social problem, and accounts for 26%-
42% of the patients with chronic low back pain. Recent studies found that the pathologic …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been the major contributor to chronic lower back
pain (LBP). Abnormal apoptosis, senescence, and pyroptosis of IVD cells, extracellular …