Accurate phenotyping and (sub) classification of patients with dystonia is important for
improving diagnosis, subsequent treatment effect and population-based study outcomes in …

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle
contractions causing abnormal postures, repetitive movements, or both. Research in …

Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterised by abnormal involuntary
movements and postures, particularly affecting the head and neck. However, current clinical …

Background Dystonia is associated with disabling nonmotor symptoms like chronic pain
(CP), which is prevalent in dystonia and significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL). There …

Myoclonus dystonia is a childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorder with a combined
motor and psychiatric phenotype. It represents one of the few autosomal dominant inherited …

Background and Objectives ASPEN-1 was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-
controlled study to evaluate the efficacy, duration of response, and safety of 2 doses of …

Cervical dstonia (CD) is a chronic disorder with a significant detrimental impact on quality of
life, requiring long-term treatment. Intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) …

Background and purpose Accurate epidemiological information is essential for the improved
understanding of dystonia syndromes, as well as better provisioning of clinical services and …

Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) refers to a focal dystonia in the stomatognathic system.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in isolated dystonia is associated with non-motor …

Introduction Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, impacting quality of life
and work productivity. Its pathogenesis is heterogeneous, and many pharmacotherapeutics …