The entomology literature has historically suggested insects cannot feel pain, leading to
their exclusion from ethical debates and animal welfare legislation. However, there may be …

The Drosophila larva is an attractive model system to study fundamental questions in the
field of neuroscience. Like the adult fly, the larva offers a seemingly unlimited genetic …

Learning which stimuli (classical conditioning) or which actions (operant conditioning)
predict rewards or punishments can improve chances of survival. However, the circuit …

Memory formation is a highly complex and dynamic process. It consists of different phases,
which depend on various neuronal and molecular mechanisms. In adult Drosophila it was …

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) has been established as a key model
organism thanks in part to their considerable biological similarity to mammals and an …

The only property of reinforcement insects are commonly thought to learn about is its value.
We show that larval Drosophila not only remember the value of reinforcement (How much?) …

In the following we describe the methodological details of appetitive associative olfactory
learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with genetic interference, provides …

We studied complete dose–response curves for 53 odorants in the third instar larvae of
Drosophila melanogaster. All odorants, except one, elicited an attraction response. Some …

Physiological alcohol dependence is a key adaptation to chronic ethanol consumption that
underlies withdrawal symptoms, is thought to directly contribute to alcohol addiction …

The Drosophila larva has become an attractive model system for studying fundamental
questions in neuroscience. Although the focus was initially on topics such as the structure of …