The nature of microglia fascinated many prominent researchers in the 19th and early 20th
centuries, and in a classic treatise in 1932, Pio del Rio-Hortega formulated a number of …

Macrophage/microglia (M∅) are the principal immune cells in the central nervous system
(CNS) concomitant with inflammatory brain disease and play a significant role in the host …

The AIDS pandemic continues to spread unchecked in many parts of the world, with greater
than 34 million individuals currently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) …

HIV infection of the CNS is an early event after primary infection, resulting in neurological
complications in a significant number of individuals despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). The …

Neurodegeneration and dementia are common complications of AIDS caused by human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system. HIV-1 target …

The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has not eliminated HIV-1
infection of the central nervous system (CNS) or the occurrence of HIV-associated …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the nervous system is unique when
compared with other viral encephalitides. Neuronal cell loss occurs in the absence of …

Proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin
(IL)-6, have multiple effects in the central nervous system (CNS) not strictly cytotoxic being …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infects the brains of a majority of patients with
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and has been linked to the development …

Dendritic and synaptic damage (without frank neuronal loss) may be seen in milder human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related cognitive disorders. Synapse volume estimates …