Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) remains a critical issue across material phases
(vacuum, gas, liquids, and solids) and timescales. The solution for one-dimensional (1D) …

Particle based simulations are indispensable tools for numerical studies of charged particle
swarms and low-temperature plasma sources. The main advantage of such approaches is …

The field of low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) excels by virtue of its broad intellectual
diversity, interdisciplinarity and range of applications. This great diversity also challenges …

While prior theoretical studies of multi-dimensional space-charge limited current (SCLC)
assumed emission from a small patch on infinite electrodes, none have considered emission …

Abstract Particle-in-cell (PIC) with Monte Carlo collisions is a fully kinetic, particle based
numerical simulation method with increasing popularity in the field of low temperature gas …

The steady-state criterion for plasma numerical simulations can be determined by the
particle balance relation. In this study, we utilized a one-dimensional (1D) particle-in …

Modeling of kinetic plasmas using electromagnetic particle in cell (EM-PIC) methods is a
well worn problem, in that methods developed have been used extensively both …

Developing particle-in-cell (PIC) methods using finite element basis sets, and without
auxiliary divergence cleaning methods, was a long-standing problem until recently. It was …

There are now more Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes than ever before that researchers use to
simulate intense laser–plasma interactions. To date, there have been relatively few direct …

While finite-difference time-domain methods have long been the foundational basis for
particle-in-cell (PIC) codes, there has been increasing momentum in developing a suite of …