Background There are an estimated 3.2 million women who inject drugs worldwide,
constituting 20% of all people who inject drugs. The limited data that are available suggest …

Background Women who use drugs, irrespective of whether these are injected or not, are
faced with multiple issues which enhance their vulnerability to HIV. Methods In this …

Although gender differences in substance use disorders have been identified, few studies
have examined gender differences in prescription drug dependence. The aim of this study …

The opioid epidemic is a public health problem associated with a host of negative outcomes.
Although clinicians recognize covariation between opioid misuse with anxiety and …

Background: Depression is a major mental health issue worldwide, with high rates of
chronicity and non-recovery associated with the condition. Existing treatments such as …

Heroin is highly addictive drug that users use in spite of its negative consequences. Many
research on drug dependence, persistence and relapse confirmed that there is a …

Background A number of demographic factors, psychiatric disorders, and childhood risk
factors have been associated with cocaine dependence (CD) and opioid dependence (OD) …

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating and moderating roles of resilience
on the relationship between perceived stress and depression among heroin addicts. A total …

Background Use of methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction is an effective harm-
reduction approach, although variability in treatment outcomes among individuals has been …

Background: Although individuals who experience childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM)
are more likely to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, resulting in vulnerability to …