Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and
anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of …

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with the unique ability to resorb bone matrix. Excessive
production or activation of osteoclasts leads to skeletal pathologies that affect a significant …

Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation
and lipid peroxidation. It is closely related to multiple biological processes, including iron …

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that results from the imbalance of
homeostasis within the bone. Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic …

Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and
is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells …

Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

Iron, an essential mineral in the body, is involved in numerous physiological processes,
making the maintenance of iron homeostasis crucial for overall health. Both iron overload …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and increasingly prevalent degenerative disease that
affects the whole joint. The pathogenesis of OA is poorly understood and there is a lack of …

Osteoporosis can be caused by a multitude of factors and is defined by a decrease in bone
density and mass caused by the destruction of bone microstructure, resulting in increased …