Toads of the genus Atelopus are chemically defended by a unique combination of
endogenously synthesized cardiotoxins (bufadienolides) and neurotoxins which may be …

Background Chemical defences are widespread in animals, but how their production is
adjusted to ecological conditions is poorly known. Optimal defence theory predicts that …

Defensive toxins are widespread in nature, yet we know little about how various
environmental factors shape the evolution of chemical defense, especially in vertebrates. In …

Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially
heterogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species …

Whereas prey tend to reduce conspicuousness, predators remain active to locate their prey.
In particular, mesopredators (ie, predators situated in the middle of two trophic levels) may …

Although consumptive effects of predators have long been central to ecology, predation‐risk
effects have emerged as major components of predator–prey interactions. Both consumptive …

We investigated the concentration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in sections of skin containing and
lacking red dorsal spots in both Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) efts and adults …

For gape-limited predators, investment in larger heads should occur when larger prey items
are more profitable or are the only prey option available. This may result in evolutionary or …

We examined the predator–prey relationship between nymphs of the predatory dragonfly
Anax junius (Common Green Darner) and larval and metamorphic Notophthalmus …

The study of contemporary evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics is classically defined in
terms of genetic evolution, but the actual suite of processes driving contemporary trait …