The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental diseases. Anxiety and the associated
physical symptoms may disturb social and occupational life and increase the risk of somatic …

Noradrenaline modulates global brain states and diverse behaviors through what is
traditionally believed to be a homogeneous cell population in the brainstem locus coeruleus …

Stress impairs extinction learning, and these deficits depend, in part, on stress-induced
norepinephrine (NE) release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). For example, systemic or …

Translational neuroscience bridges insights from specific mechanisms in rodents to complex
functions in humans and is key to advance our general understanding of central nervous …

Propranolol, a non-cardioselective β1, 2 blocker, is most commonly recognised for its
application in the therapy of various cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension …

Counterconditioning refers both to the technique and putative process by which behavior is
modified through a new association with a stimulus of an opposite valence. Similar to …

Therapeutic interventions for disorders of fear and anxiety rely on behavioral approaches
that reduce pathological fear memories. For example, learning that threat-predictive stimuli …

Purpose of Review I summarize recent developments in understanding the phenomenology
of memory in PTSD, describe the most prominent theoretical models, and outline new forms …

Neural plasticity plays a critical role in mediating short‐and long‐term brain responses to
environmental stimuli. A major effector of plasticity throughout many regions of the brain is …