Operant behavior is behavior “controlled” by its consequences. In practice, operant
conditioning is the study of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement schedules. We …

Affective valence lies on a spectrum ranging from punishment to reward. The coding of such
spectra in the brain almost always involves opponency between pairs of systems or …

Describes a theory of temporal control which treats responding of animal Ss at asymptote
under a variety of learning procedures. Ss are viewed as making estimates of the time to …

Replication and extension of Skinner's" supersitition" experiment showed the development
of 2 kinds of behavior at asymptote:(a) interim activities, related to adjunctive behavior …

This chapter discusses reinforcement and punishment in the context of reproducible
behavioral processes. The terms reinforcement and punishment are used to refer to the …

Every day at about 4: 30, Jazz, a Hungarian Vizsla dog, leaps up on the sofa and looks out
for his owner who always comes home at 5: 00. He doesn't need an internal clock because …

Interval schedules of reinforcement maintained pigeons' key‐pecking in six experiments.
Each schedule was specified in terms of mean interval, which determined the maximum rate …

A popular view of interval timing in animals is that it is driven by a discrete pacemaker‐
accumulator mechanism that yields a linear scale for encoded time. But these mechanisms …

This paper briefly outlines theories dealing with attentional processes, before the status of
attention is evaluated within cognitive models of psychological time. Particular emphasis is …

This classic edition of the Handbook of Operant Behavior presents seminal work in the field
of learning and behavior, foreshadowing a new direction for learning research, and …