Differential growth, the phenomenon where parts of the body grow at different rates, is
necessary to generate the complex morphologies of most multicellular organisms. Despite …

Scaling relationships emerge from differential growth of body parts relative to each other. As
such, scaling relationships are at least in part the product of developmental plasticity. While …

Sexual dimorphisms fuel significant intraspecific variation and evolutionary diversification.
Yet the developmental-genetic mechanisms underlying sex-specific development remain …

The degree to which developmental systems bias the phenotypic effects of environmental
and genetic variation, and how these biases affect evolution, is subject to much debate …

The evolution of sexual dimorphism is widely acknowledged as a manifestation of sex-
specific genetic architecture. Although empirical studies suggested that sexual dimorphism …

Hormones mediate sexual dimorphism by regulating sex-specific patterns of gene
expression, but it is unclear how much of this regulation involves sex-specific hormone …

Many dung beetle species show male horn polyphenism, the ability of males to develop into
distinct phenotypes without intermediate forms as a response to the larval growth …

Phenotypic plasticity is a fundamental property of developing organisms and is thought to
play an important role in diversification. Plastic responses themselves are remarkably …

One of the most striking examples of phenotypic plasticity is the different phenotypes (ie,
castes) within a same nest of social insects. Castes usually derive from a single genotype …

An organism's fitness depends strongly on its age and size at maturation. Although the
evolutionary forces acting on these critical life history traits have been heavily scrutinized …