S100A8 and S100A9 (also known as MRP8 and MRP14, respectively) are Ca2+ binding
proteins belonging to the S100 family. They often exist in the form of heterodimer, while …

In its early stages, symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually not apparent.
Significant reduction of the kidney function is the first obvious sign of disease. If diagnosed …

Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited
to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of …

While systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoantibody and immune complex disease
by nature, most of its organ manifestations are in fact inflammatory. SLE activity scores thus …

Background and aim Calprotectin (CLP) is a heterodimeric complex formed by two S100
proteins (S100A8/A9), which plays a pivotal role in innate immunity. Due to its intrinsic …

Calprotectin is a heterodimer formed by two proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, which are
mainly produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils in the circulation and in inflamed …

Rheumatic diseases are characterized by sterile inflammation that causes severe long-term
damage to various organ systems. A growing body of evidence supports a pivotal role for the …

Dysregulation of lymphocyte function, accumulation of autoantibodies and defective
clearance of circulating immune complexes and apoptotic cells are hallmarks of systemic …

The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They
interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern …

Background In spite of its invasive nature and risks, kidney biopsy is currently required for
precise diagnosis of many chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Here, we explored the …