Short interfering RNAs (siRNA) are a powerful class of genetic medicines whose clinical
translation can be hindered by their suboptimal delivery properties in vivo. Here, we provide …

Circular RNAs (circRNA) represent a distinct class of covalently closed-loop RNA molecules,
which play diverse roles in regulating biological processes and disease states. The …

RNA vaccines have demonstrated their ability to solve the issues posed by the COVID-19
pandemic. This success has led to the renaissance of research into mRNA and their …

Exosomes are small phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are naturally produced by all living
cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The exosomes due to their unique size, reduced …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated physical and functional boundary that
tightly controls the transport of materials between the blood and the brain. There is an …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule with numerous
clinical applications in treating central nervous system disorders, tumors, COVID-19, and …

Abstract Exosomes are nanosized (size~ 30–150 nm) natural vesicular structures released
from cells by physiological processes or pathological circumstances. Exosomes are growing …

In the last few decades, RNA-based drugs have emerged as a promising candidate to
specifically target and modulate disease-relevant genes to cure genetic defects. The key to …

CircRNAs are a class of single-stranded RNAs with covalently linked head-to-tail topology.
In the decades since its initial discovery, their biogenesis, regulation, and function have …

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles that transfer bioactive molecules between
cells and modulate various biological processes under physiological and pathological …