Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the
extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the …

Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

Inflammatory conditions are associated with the extracellular release of nucleotides,
particularly ATP. In the extracellular compartment, ATP predominantly functions as a …

Background Preclinical studies suggest that P2X3 receptors are expressed by airway vagal
afferent nerves and contribute to the hypersensitisation of sensory neurons. P2X3 receptors …

Extracellular nucleotides, mainly ATP, but also ADP, UTP, UDP and UDP-sugars,
adenosine, and adenine base participate in the “purinergic signalling” pathway, an …

Chronic cough is defined in adults as a cough that lasts for≥ 8 weeks. When it proves
intractable to standard-of-care treatment, it can be referred to as refractory chronic cough …

By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major
regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy …

Upon its release from injured cells, such as infected, transformed, inflamed, or necrotic cells,
extracellular adenosine-5ʹ-triphosphate (ATP) acts as a danger signal that recruits …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common human nasopharyngeal commensal colonizing
10% to 40% of healthy individuals, depending on age. Despite a low invasive disease rate …

Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting> 8 weeks, is a common medical condition that
exerts a substantial physical, mental, and social burden on patients. A subset of patients with …