The main limitation in engineering in vitro tissues is the lack of a sufficient blood vessel
system—the vascularization. In vivo almost all tissues are supplied by these endothelial cell …

Background: The surfaces of the bones in the knee are covered with articular cartilage, a
rubber-like substance that is very smooth, allowing frictionless movement in the joint and …

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine (1) whether the current
literature supports the choice of using autologous chondrocyte implantation over other …

Previous studies showed that coculture of primary chondrocytes (PCs) with various sources
of multipotent cells results in a higher relative amount of cartilage matrix formation than …

Cartilage injury originating from trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can
bring about an increasing social and economic burden in modern society. On account of its …

Articular cartilage damage is a persistent and increasing problem with the aging population,
and treatments to achieve biological repair or restoration remain a challenge. Cartilage …

Cartilage damage is still a threat to human beings, yet there is currently no treatment
available to fully restore the function of cartilage. Recently, due to their unique structures and …

Background: Donor-site morbidity, limited numbers of cells, loss of phenotype during ex vivo
expansion, and age-related decline in chondrogenic activity present critical obstacles to the …

Abstract Treatment of articular cartilage lesions in the knee remains a challenge for the
practising orthopaedic surgeon. A wide range of options are currently practised, ranging …

Articular cartilage is an important load-bearing tissue distributed on the surface of
diarthrodial joints. Due to its avascular, aneural and non-lymphatic features, cartilage has …