For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential.
In addition to respiratory, fecal–oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via …

Objective: The concept of aerosol transmission is developed to resolve limitations in
conventional definitions of airborne and droplet transmission. Methods: The method was …

Health care-associated infections (HAI) remain a major cause of patient morbidity and
mortality. Although the main source of nosocomial pathogens is likely the patient's …

Numerous viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect
people via water and food, mostly through ingestion and occasionally through skin contact …

Background Fomite mediated transmission can be an important pathway causing significant
disease transmission in number of settings such as schools, daycare centers, and long-term …

The advent of molecular techniques and their increasingly widespread use in public health
laboratories and research studies has transformed the understanding of the burden of …

Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of food-and waterborne outbreaks of
acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. As a result of the lack of a mammalian cell …

Pomegranates have been known for hundreds of years for their multiple health benefits,
including antimicrobial activity. The recent surge in multidrug‐resistant bacteria and the …

Norovirus infections are notoriously difficult to prevent and control, owing to their low
infectious dose, high shedding titre, and environmental stability. The virus can spread …

Noroviruses (family Caliciviridae) are the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide.
The virus is highly infectious and touching contaminated surfaces can contribute to infection …