The essential amino acid tryptophan is not only a precursor of serotonin but is also
degraded to several other neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic acid, 3 …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism has emerged in recent years as a
key regulator of the production of both neuroprotective (eg kynurenic and picolinic acid, and …

This paper reviews the body of evidence that not only tryptophan and consequent 5-HT
depletion, but also induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the detrimental …

Despite extensive research, the current theories on serotonergic dysfunctions and cortisol
hypersecretion do not provide sufficient explanations for the nature of depression. Rational …

Quinolinic acid (QUIN), a neuroactive metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is normally
presented in nanomolar concentrations in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is …

Dysregulated kynurenine (KYN) pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of
depression. In this systematic review, we examined the relationship between kynurenine …

Background Patients with depression and suicidality suffer from low-grade
neuroinflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, an …

The kynurenine pathway is the main pathway for tryptophan metabolism. It generates
compounds that can modulate activity at glutamate receptors and possibly nicotinic …

There is good evidence that the kynurenine pathway (KP) and one of its end products,
quinolinic acid (QUIN) play a role in the pathogenesis of several major neurological …

Depression is a major cause of worldwide disability. Although its etiology is unclear, for over
sixty years the study of its pathophysiology has focused mainly on serotonin (5-HT) and …