Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that colonizes the
mucosal surfaces of the host nasopharynx and upper airway. Through a combination of …

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a 'sandwich'-like two-dimensional clay material that has
been systematically investigated for biomedical application in the past two decades. LDH is …

Transition row metal ions are both essential and toxic to microorganisms. Zinc in excess has
significant toxicity to bacteria, and host release of Zn (II) at mucosal surfaces is an important …

In many biological examples of cooperation, individuals that cooperate cannot benefit from
the resulting public good. This is especially clear in cases of self-destructive cooperation …

Pneumococcus is one of the most important human pathogens that causes life-threatening
invasive diseases, especially at the extremities of age. Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) …

Pneumonia is an illness, usually caused by infection, in which the lungs become inflamed
and congested, reducing oxygen exchange and leading to cough and breathlessness. It …

Asymptomatic colonization of the nasopharynx by Streptococcus pneumoniae precedes
pneumococcal disease, yet pneumococcal colonization factors remain poorly understood …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a colonizer of human nasopharynx, but it is also an important
pathogen responsible for high morbidity, high mortality, numerous disabilities, and high …

The complement system plays a central role in immune defense against Streptococcus
pneumoniae. In order to evade complement attack, pneumococci have evolved a number of …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes over 1 million deaths
annually despite the availability of several multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines …