The Eurasian ice sheet complex (EISC) was the third largest ice mass during the Last
Glacial Maximum with a span of over 4500 km and responsible for around 20 m of eustatic …

The glacial episodes of the Quaternary (2.6 million years ago–present) were a major factor
in shaping the present-day distributions of extant flora and fauna, with expansions and …

A fully updated guide to the increasingly prevalent use of molecular data in ecological
studies Molecular ecology is concerned with how molecular biology and population genetics …

The term 'refugia'was originally used to describe the restricted full-glacial locations of
modern mid-and high-latitude taxa, especially trees and shrubs. We discuss the extension of …

This article reviews the history of gyrodactylid research focussing on the unique anatomy,
behaviour, ecology and evolution of the viviparous forms while identifying gaps in our …

Megaflood events involving sudden discharges of exceptionally large volumes of water are
rare, but can significantly affect landscape evolution, continental-scale drainage patterns …

The phylogeography of thornback rays (Raja clavata) was assessed from European waters,
using five nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial cytochome b sequences. Strong …

2 1 Introduction agree on any single scheme for faunal successions, and, secondly, instead
of using presence-absence of species, Lartet used the relative abundance of species. How …

Phylogeography has provided a new approach to the analysis of the postglacial history of a
wide range of taxa but, to date, little is known about the effect of glacial periods on the …

Global climate changes during the Quaternary reveal much about broader evolutionary
effects of environmental change. Detailed regional studies reveal how evolutionary lineages …