Glutamate serves as both the mammalian brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter and as
a key neuromodulator to control synapse and circuit function over a wide range of spatial …

Chemical synapses are heterogeneous junctions formed between neurons that are
specialized for the conversion of electrical impulses into the exocytotic release of …

Current medication for anxiety disorders is suboptimal in terms of efficiency and tolerability,
highlighting the need for improved drug treatments. In this review an overview of drugs …

Monitoring and modulating the diversity of signals used by neurons and glia in a closed-loop
fashion is necessary to establish causative links between biochemical processes within the …

The cerebellar cortex has a key role in generating predictive sensorimotor associations. To
do so, the granule cell layer is thought to establish unique sensorimotor representations for …

It has been 200 years since Parkinson disease (PD) was described by Dr. Parkinson in
1817. The disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized …

The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes
survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an …

In the past 20 years we have learned a great deal about GABA A receptor (GABA AR)
subtypes, and which behaviors are regulated or which drug effects are mediated by each …

Regulatory enzymes often have different roles in distinct subcellular compartments. Yet,
most drugs indiscriminately saturate the cell. Thus, subcellular drug-delivery holds promise …

Epilepsy involves neuronal dysfunction at molecular, cellular, and circuit levels. The
understanding of the mechanism of the epilepsies has advanced greatly in the last three …