Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used for at least eight millennia in the production of
alcoholic beverages (41). Along with ethanol and carbon dioxide, fermenting cultures of this …

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reduction of NAD+ to NADH occurs in dissimilatory as well as
in assimilatory reactions. This review discusses mechanisms for reoxidation of NADH in this …

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have been widely used for quantitative exploration
of the relation between genotype and phenotype. Streamlined integration of enzyme …

The metabolic network in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was reconstructed using
currently available genomic, biochemical, and physiological information. The metabolic …

Protein structure and function can be altered by reactive oxygen species produced either by
cell metabolism or by external oxidants. Although catalases, superoxide dismutases and …

Background Through genetic engineering it is possible to introduce targeted genetic
changes and hereby engineer the metabolism of microbial cells with the objective to obtain …

Respiratory metabolism plays an important role in energy production in the form of ATP in all
aerobically growing cells. However, a limitation in respiratory capacity results in overflow …

The enzymatic complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain have been extensively
investigated in their structural and functional properties. A clear distinction is possible today …

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) constitute a large family of enzymes responsible for the
reversible oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes with the concomitant reduction of NAD+ or …

Full genome sequences of prokaryotic organisms have led to reconstruction of genome-
scale metabolic networks and in silico computation of their integrated functions. The first …