Mountains contribute disproportionately to the terrestrial biodiversity of Earth, especially in
the tropics, where they host hotspots of extraordinary and puzzling richness. With about 25 …

Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species
that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth's biodiversity and …

Spatial patterns of biodiversity are inextricably linked to their collection methods, yet no
synthesis of bias patterns or their consequences exists. As such, views of organismal …

Mountains are key features of the Earth's surface and host a substantial proportion of the
world's species. However, the links between the evolution and distribution of biodiversity …

INTRODUCTION Individual processes that shape geographical patterns of biodiversity are
increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales …

Climate's effect on global biodiversity is typically viewed through the lens of temperature,
humidity and resulting ecosystem productivity,,,,–. However, it is not known whether …

High species diversity may result from recent rapid speciation in a 'cradle'and/or the gradual
accumulation and preservation of species over time in a 'museum',. China harbours nearly …

Predicting which species will occur together in the future, and where, remains one of the
greatest challenges in ecology, and requires a sound understanding of how the abiotic and …

Modern attempts to produce biogeographic maps focus on the distribution of species, and
the maps are typically drawn without phylogenetic considerations. Here, we generate a …

Aim Global‐scale studies are required to identify broad‐scale patterns in the distributions of
species, to evaluate the processes that determine diversity and to determine how similar or …