Large freshwater contributions to the Arctic Ocean from a variety of sources combine in what
is, by global standards, a remarkably small ocean basin. Indeed, the Arctic Ocean …

Northern Canada is projected to experience major changes to its climate, which will have
major implications for northern economic development. Some of these, such as mining and …

Evidence of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems is
accumulating, but must be evaluated in the context of the “normal” climate cycles and …

Abstract In the Arctic Ocean, phytoplankton blooms on continental shelves are often limited
by light availability, and are therefore thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice …

The extent of Arctic perennial sea ice, the year‐round ice cover, was significantly reduced
between March 2005 and March 2007 by 1.08× 106 km2, a 23% loss from 4.69× 106 km2 to …

Climate change is projected to cause significant alterations to aquatic biogeochemical
processes,(including carbon dynamics), aquatic food web structure, dynamics and …

Climate change is already being experienced in the Arctic with implications for ecosystems
and the communities that depend on them. This paper argues that an assessment of …

Arctic freshwater and diadromous fish species will respond to the various effects of climate
change in many ways. For wide-ranging species, many of which are key components of …

We compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation
patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly …

The principal features of the marine ecosystems in the Barents and Norwegian Seas and
some of their responses to climate variations are described. The physical oceanography is …