CD8+ T cells are essential effectors in antiviral immunity, recognizing short virus-derived
peptides presented by MHC class I (pMHCI) on the surface of infected cells. However, the …

T cell epitope candidates are commonly identified using computational prediction tools in
order to enable applications such as vaccine design, cancer neoantigen identification …

T cell polyfunctionality is a hallmark of protective immunity against pathogens and cancer,
yet the molecular mechanism governing it remains mostly elusive. We found that canonical …

Despite extensive ex vivo investigation, the spatiotemporal organization of immune cells
interacting with virus-infected cells in tissues remains uncertain. To address this, we used …

We recently reported that maternal antibiotic treatment (MAT) of mice in the last days of
pregnancy and during lactation dramatically alters the density and composition of the …

Background Cathepsins are a group of endosomal proteases present in many cells
including dendritic cells (DCs). The activity of cathepsins is regulated by their endogenous …

Smallpox and monkeypox pose severe threats to human health. Other orthopoxviruses are
comparably virulent in their natural hosts, including ectromelia, the cause of mousepox …

The factors that determine CD4+ T cell (TCD4+) specificities, functional capacity, and
memory persistence in response to complex pathogens remain unclear. We explored these …

Great progress has been made in understanding immunity to viral infection. However,
infection can occur in the context of co-infection by unrelated pathogens that modulate …

We assessed several routes of immunization with vaccinia virus (VACV) in protecting mice
against ectromelia virus (ECTV). By a wide margin, skin scarification provided the greatest …