Epidemiologically, one of the most important concerns associated with introducing
Salmonella spp. into the environment and food chain is the presence of asymptomatic …

Two probiotic candidates, Lactobacillus reuteri C1 (C1) and Lactobacillus acidophilus C5
(C5), which were previously isolated from canines, were evaluated in the present study. L …

Pathogenic bacteria employ virulence factors (VF) to establish infection and cause disease
in their host. Yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pombe, are useful …

Legionella pneumophila grows within membrane-bound vacuoles in phylogenetically
diverse hosts. Intracellular growth requires the function of the Icm/Dot type-IVb secretion …

In order to survive and fulfil their functions, cells of any organism need to be able to respond
to a large number of extracellular factors, also termed extracellular stimuli. These responses …

Introduction Pasteurella multocida is a pathogenic bacterium known to cause hemorrhagic
septicemia and pneumonia in poultry. Reports have indicated that certain proteins, either …

Organisms have evolved protective strategies that are geared toward limiting cellular
damage and enhancing organismal survival in the face of environmental stresses, but how …

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) are enteric pathogens that are non-invasive, lack Shiga
toxin, and use a type 3 secretion system encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement …